Patterned Transcendental Numbers

[See Patterned Transcendental Numbers published in EJMT for more background.]

A theorem of Kurt Mahler generalizes a well known result of David Champernowne who showed that $0.1234567891011\cdots$ is a transcendental number. In particular, Mahler showed that given an increasing polynomial, $p(x)$, such that $p(n)$ is a non-negative integer for all non-negative integer inputs $n$, the number obtained by concatenating the outputs' digits (i.e., "$0.p(0)p(1)p(2)\cdots$") is transcendental.

It is not hard to extend Mahler's result as follows: Let $p(x)$ be any non-constant polynomial such that $p(n)$ is an integer for all integers $n \geq N$. Then concatenating the digits of the absolute values of the outputs for $p(n)$ to "$0.$", we get a transcendental number:     $t=0.|p(N)|\,|p(N+1)|\,|p(N+2)|\, \cdots$   We call such numbers (polynomial) patterned transcendental numbers.

Note that if $t$ is any transcendental number, $a$ is a rational number, and $m$ is a non-zero rational number, then $m \cdot t+a$ is still a transcendental number. Given a polynomial, beginning input value, and rationals $a$ and $m$, the applet below computes some of the decimal expansion of our transcendental number $m \cdot t +a$. By choosing $a$ with some care, we can arbitrarily modify finitely many digits of our number. By choosing $m$ to be a power of 10, we can shift the decimal point to left or right.

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